{"id":484,"date":"2014-12-11T23:57:52","date_gmt":"2014-12-11T23:57:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/puyallup.wsu.edu\/soils\/?page_id=484"},"modified":"2026-03-20T18:37:58","modified_gmt":"2026-03-21T01:37:58","slug":"organicfarmcovercrops","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/puyallup.wsu.edu\/soils\/organicfarmcovercrops\/","title":{"rendered":"Cover Crops"},"content":{"rendered":"<header class=\"wsu-article-header \">\r\n\t<h1 class=\"wsu-article-header__title\">\r\n\t\tCover Crops\t<\/h1>\r\n\t\t<\/header>\r\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-puyallup\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2026\/01\/20201002_143156-scaled.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"792\" height=\"1629\" data-id=\"2742\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-puyallup\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2026\/01\/20201002_143156-792x1629.jpg\" alt=\"Person standing on the back of a tractor pouring cover crop seed into the hopper of a seed drill.\" class=\"wp-image-2742\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-puyallup\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2026\/01\/20201002_143156-792x1629.jpg 792w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-puyallup\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2026\/01\/20201002_143156-396x815.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-puyallup\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2026\/01\/20201002_143156-768x1580.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-puyallup\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2026\/01\/20201002_143156-747x1536.jpg 747w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-puyallup\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2026\/01\/20201002_143156-996x2048.jpg 996w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-puyallup\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2026\/01\/20201002_143156-scaled.jpg 1244w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 792px) 100vw, 792px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-puyallup\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2026\/01\/20200717_163618-scaled.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"792\" height=\"385\" data-id=\"2736\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-puyallup\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2026\/01\/20200717_163618-792x385.jpg\" alt=\"Grass cover crop growing in a field.\" class=\"wp-image-2736\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-puyallup\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2026\/01\/20200717_163618-792x385.jpg 792w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-puyallup\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2026\/01\/20200717_163618-396x193.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-puyallup\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2026\/01\/20200717_163618-768x373.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-puyallup\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2026\/01\/20200717_163618-1536x747.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-puyallup\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2026\/01\/20200717_163618-2048x996.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 792px) 100vw, 792px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-puyallup\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2026\/01\/20230515_112710-scaled.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"792\" height=\"594\" data-id=\"2748\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-puyallup\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2026\/01\/20230515_112710-792x594.jpg\" alt=\"Close up of clover cover crop flower.\" class=\"wp-image-2748\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-puyallup\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2026\/01\/20230515_112710-792x594.jpg 792w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-puyallup\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2026\/01\/20230515_112710-396x297.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-puyallup\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2026\/01\/20230515_112710-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-puyallup\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2026\/01\/20230515_112710-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-puyallup\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2026\/01\/20230515_112710-2048x1536.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 792px) 100vw, 792px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-puyallup\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2026\/01\/20230515_101737-edited-scaled.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1690\" data-id=\"2759\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-puyallup\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2026\/01\/20230515_101737-edited-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Tractor with front mounted harvester cutting fava bean cover crop for collection.\" class=\"wp-image-2759\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-puyallup\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2026\/01\/20230515_101737-edited-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-puyallup\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2026\/01\/20230515_101737-edited-396x261.jpg 396w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-puyallup\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2026\/01\/20230515_101737-edited-792x523.jpg 792w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-puyallup\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2026\/01\/20230515_101737-edited-768x507.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-puyallup\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2026\/01\/20230515_101737-edited-1536x1014.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/wp-puyallup\/uploads\/sites\/411\/2026\/01\/20230515_101737-edited-2048x1352.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Cover crops are used to supply organic matter to soils, improve soil structure, fix nitrogen, cycle nutrients, protect soil from erosion, and as a tool to manage weeds and other pests. Choice and management of cover crops&nbsp;depend&nbsp;on which benefits are most important, and on the cropping system.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Western Cover Crops Council&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The\u202f<a href=\"https:\/\/westerncovercrops.org\/\">Western Cover Crops Council<\/a>\u202f(WCCC) works to\u00a0facilitate\u00a0and enhance communication and collaboration that promotes the successful adoption and integration of cover cropping into Western U.S. agricultural systems.\u00a0The\u00a0council covers the states and territories within the\u202f<a href=\"https:\/\/western.sare.org\/\">Western SARE<\/a>\u202fregion. We recently launched the cover crop species selection tool, which was highlighted in the\u202f<a href=\"https:\/\/capitalpress.com\/2026\/01\/14\/free-new-online-tool-can-help-western-growers-select-cover-crops\/\">Capital Press<\/a>\u202fand\u202f<a href=\"https:\/\/substack.com\/home\/post\/p-184281126\">PSagrarian<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you would like to be involved in the mission and work of the WCCC,\u00a0a great way\u00a0to do so is through\u00a0our\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/westerncovercrops.org\/regions\/\">subregional committees<\/a>. The Pacific Northwest Committee\u202fcovers Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Alaska.\u202f\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-accordion\">\r\n    <h3 id=\"unique-id-1__84694\" class=\"wsu-accordion__title\">\r\n        <button class=\"wsu-accordion__title-button wsu-accordion--toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"unique-id-1__content\">Current Cover Crops Research &amp; Publications<\/button>\r\n    <\/h3>\r\n    <div id=\"unique-id-1__content\" class=\"wsu-accordion__content\" aria-labelledby=\"unique-id-1__84694\">\r\n        <div class=\"wsu-accordion__content-inner\">\r\n            \n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biombioe.2025.108311\"><strong><em>Cover Crops for Biofuels:\u00a0Splitting cover crop benefits between soil and biofuel feedstock<\/em><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the Pacific Northwest, cover crop adoption by farmers is limited by\u202fthe\u202funcertainty around management\u202flogistics\u202fand the added cost of\u202festablishing\u202fa crop&nbsp;that\u202fdoesn\u2019t\u202fcontribute directly to income. Returning\u202fcover\u202fcrop\u202fbiomass\u202fback into the soil is important for building soil health,\u202fbut would an\u202fadditional\u202fincome\u202ffor\u202fthe\u202faboveground biomass&nbsp;incentivize&nbsp;more farmers to try cover crops? And\u202fare there short-term costs\u202ffor\u202fsoil health or the following cash crop yield when removing cover crops?\u202fWashington State University and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratories are partnering to answer these questions\u202fin replicated trials in\u202fthree\u202fgrowing regions in Washington State.\u202fWe are examining the\u202fagronomic\u202fconsequences of cover crop removal on different cash crops, soils,\u202fand\u202fthe&nbsp;overall&nbsp;economic&nbsp;impact&nbsp;for&nbsp;both&nbsp;farmers&nbsp;and&nbsp;biofuel producers.&nbsp;&nbsp;In the first three years of the trial, we\u202flearned\u202fthat\u202ftriticale and hairy vetch are highest yielding and\u202fare suitable\u202ffeedstocks\u202ffor hydrothermal liquefaction,\u202fa new\u202fand\u202fefficient\u202fconversion technology\u202fthat can\u202fproduce liquid hydrocarbon fuels from\u202fdifferent\u202fwet\u202ffeedstocks.\u202fOur&nbsp;findings\u202fsuggest there is potential to pursue\u202fcover crops not only for their\u202fsoil health benefits, but also for direct financial benefit and renewable energy\u202fneeds.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Collaborators:<\/strong>&nbsp;Teal Potter, Aaron Esser, Steven&nbsp;Norberg, Chad Kruger, Miki&nbsp;Santosa, Francesca Pierobon&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Publications:<\/strong>\u00a0Santosa, D.M.,\u202fPotter, T,\u00a0Pierobon, F,\u202fG\u00f6reke, D.,\u202fMeyer, P.A.,\u202fKruger, C.E.,\u00a0Norberg, S.,\u00a0Collins, D.,\u202fMale, J. 2025.\u00a0Unlocking the biofuel power of cover\u00a0crop\u00a0in Washington State: Enhancing potential through hydrothermal liquefaction. Biomass and Bioenergy. 203:\u00a0108311, 1-12. DOI:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biombioe.2025.108311\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biombioe.2025.108311<\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wsu-accordion\">\r\n    <h3 id=\"unique-id-1__29062\" class=\"wsu-accordion__title\">\r\n        <button class=\"wsu-accordion__title-button wsu-accordion--toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"unique-id-1__content\">Past Cover Crops Research &amp; Publications<\/button>\r\n    <\/h3>\r\n    <div id=\"unique-id-1__content\" class=\"wsu-accordion__content\" aria-labelledby=\"unique-id-1__29062\">\r\n        <div class=\"wsu-accordion__content-inner\">\r\n            \n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.extension.wsu.edu\/product\/soil-compaction-in-annual-crop-production-causes-impacts-and-solutions\/\">Soil Compaction in Annual Crop Production: Causes, Impacts, and Solutions.<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;Maltry, J. Collins, D.P., LaHue, G., Jayakaran, A.D.&nbsp; 2025. WSU Extension Publication.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/journals.cambridge.org\/download.php?file=%2FRAF%2FS1742170512000014a.pdf&amp;code=fcf345423722c4f1e5fb4dfe7e2a40f0\"><strong>Nitrogen Contribution of Rye-Hairy Vetch Cover Crop Mixtures to Organically Grown Sweet Corn.<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp; Lawson, A., A. M. Fortuna, C.G. Cogger, A.I. Bary, and T. Stubbs.&nbsp; 2012.&nbsp; Renew. Ag. Food Sys. 28:59-69.&nbsp; Available on CJO doi:10.1017\/S1742170512000014.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0129597\"><strong>Influence of Seeding Ratio, Planting Date, and Termination Date on Rye-Hairy Vetch Cover Crop Mixture Performance Under Organic Management.<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Lawson A., C. Cogger, A.Bary, A. Fortuna. 2015. PLoS ONE 10(6): e0129597. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0129597<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1080\/21683565.2015.1018398\"><strong>Cover Crop Effects on Light, Nitrogen, and Weeds in Organic Reduced Tillage<\/strong><\/a><strong>.&nbsp;<\/strong> Wayman, S., C.G Cogger., C. Benedict, D.P. Collins, I Burke, and A.I Bary. 2015. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 39:647-665. doi: 10.1080\/21683565.2015.1018398<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1017\/S1742170514000246\"><strong>The Influence of Cover Crop Variety, Termination Timing, and Termination Method on Mulch, Weed Cover, and Soil Nitrate in Reduced-Tillage Organic Systems<\/strong><\/a><strong>.<\/strong> Wayman, S. C. Cogger, C. Benedict, I. Burke, D. Collins, and A. Bary. 2014. Renewable Agric Food Sys. doi: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1017\/S1742170514000246<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cover crops are used to supply organic matter to soils, improve soil structure, fix nitrogen, cycle nutrients, protect soil from erosion, and as a tool to manage weeds and other [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":681,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"categories":[],"tags":[],"wsuwp_university_location":[55,49],"wsuwp_university_org":[396,441],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/puyallup.wsu.edu\/soils\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/484"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/puyallup.wsu.edu\/soils\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/puyallup.wsu.edu\/soils\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/puyallup.wsu.edu\/soils\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/681"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/puyallup.wsu.edu\/soils\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=484"}],"version-history":[{"count":54,"href":"https:\/\/puyallup.wsu.edu\/soils\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/484\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3007,"href":"https:\/\/puyallup.wsu.edu\/soils\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/484\/revisions\/3007"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/puyallup.wsu.edu\/soils\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=484"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/puyallup.wsu.edu\/soils\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=484"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/puyallup.wsu.edu\/soils\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=484"},{"taxonomy":"wsuwp_university_location","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/puyallup.wsu.edu\/soils\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wsuwp_university_location?post=484"},{"taxonomy":"wsuwp_university_org","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/puyallup.wsu.edu\/soils\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wsuwp_university_org?post=484"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}